Role of the Stomach

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Churns food Bolus, to become more usable form known as Chyme:

• Hydrochloric Acid: Activates enzymes  gastrin + pepsin.

• Kills bacteria and viruses.

• Releases mucus to protect stomach lining.

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Release of Gastrin that stimulates:

• Pepsin: Breaks down proteins into  peptides (smaller amino acids).

• Intrinsic Factor: Breaks down Vitamin B12.

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The Duodenum

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Once chyme enters the duodenum:

• Release of hormone CCK (cholecystokinin) which activates the gallbladder to contract to release bile. Bile emulsifies fats.